Histopathological Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism Using CYP11B2 Immunohistochemistry

Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis and treatment.

Recent studies have indicated a higher prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) than reported historically. Aldosterone excess induces sodium and fluid retention with consequential increases in blood pressure. Patients with PA are at an increased risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic kidney disease, and endothelial dysfunction. Measurement of the plasma aldosterone/plasma ren...

Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension (HTN), with an estimated prevalence of 4% of hypertensive patients in primary care and around 10% of referred patients. Patients with PA have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than age- and sex-matched patients with essential HTN and the same degree of blood pressure elevation. PA is characterized by an aut...

Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism

Laboratory diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, and drospirenone-ethinylestradiol therapy.

BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism is recognized as the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension. Screening for primary aldosteronism by determination of the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is much more frequently performed in current practice. However, most antihypertensive medications interfere with ARR determination, and although verapamil and alpha-adrenergic blockers are considered suf...

Nuclear imaging in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary aldosteronism is increasingly recognized as a common secondary cause of hypertension. Successful demonstration of a unilateral cause (e.g. a classical 'Conn's adenoma') offers the potential for curative adrenalectomy. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS), in conjunction with cross-sectional imaging, remains the 'gold standard' for distinguishing unilateral and bilateral disease...